With the international modernisation of privacy law, Québec has lead the pursuit of a privacy reform in Canada with its Law 251, which received royal assent on 22 September 2021. It seems fitting that Québec is the first Canadian jurisdiction to update its privacy laws as it was also the first in North America to adopt private sector privacy law some 30 years ago. Law 25 introduces amendments to both the public and private sector privacy laws in Québec. At the federal level, Parliament is making its second attempt to modernise Canada's current federal private sector privacy law with the introduction of Bill C-27 for the Digital Charter Implementation Act 2022 on 16 June 20222. Bill C-11 for