The Italian data protection authority ('Garante') announced, on 2 April 2021, that it had fined Fastweb, S.p.a. €4.5 million for processing the personal data of millions of users for telemarketing purposes, without obtaining their consent. In particular, Garante highlighted that it had conducted a complex investigation following hundreds of reports and complaints about continuous unsolicited promotional telephone calls and internet services offered by Fastweb. Among Garante's findings, it observed the use of fictitious numbers or numbers not registered with the Register of Communication Operators ('RCO'), and a lack of adequate security measures for the customer management systems. As a resu